Preparation of a Manuscript

General Considerations

Manuscripts submitted to Decision Intelligence and Complex Computing (DICC) should be prepared clearly, consistently, and in accordance with the journal's manuscript preparation requirements.

  • Research manuscripts should normally comprise:
    • Front matter: Title, Author List, Affiliations, Abstract, and Keywords.
    • Main manuscript: Introduction, Materials and Methods or Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions where appropriate.
    • Back matter: Supplementary Materials, Acknowledgments, Author Contributions, Funding, Data Availability Statement, Conflicts of Interest, and References, where applicable.
  • Review manuscripts should contain appropriate front matter, clearly structured review sections, critical synthesis of the relevant literature, conclusions and future research directions, and the applicable back matter.
  • Abbreviations should be defined at first use in the abstract and again at first use in the main text. Abbreviations used in figures and tables should also be defined in their captions or notes where necessary.
  • SI Units (International System of Units) should be used wherever appropriate. Other measurement systems should be converted to SI units whenever reasonably possible.
  • Equations should be created using an editable equation editor, such as Microsoft Equation Editor or MathType. Equations should not be submitted as images unless technically unavoidable.
  • Research Data and Supplementary Materials should be made available whenever this is ethically, legally, and practically possible. Authors should disclose any restrictions affecting access to research data, materials, software, or protocols at the time of submission.
Front Matter

The following elements should appear, where applicable, in all manuscript types:

  • Title: The manuscript title should be concise, specific, informative, and relevant to the research presented. Unnecessary abbreviations should be avoided. Where established model, method, or framework names are commonly known by an abbreviation, the recognized abbreviated form may be used when appropriate.
  • Author List and Affiliations: Authors' full first and last names should be provided. Middle-name initials may be included. Complete institutional affiliations should identify the department or unit, institution, city, postal code where applicable, and country. At least one author must be designated as the corresponding author, and a valid email address must be provided.
  • Abstract: The abstract should normally not exceed approximately 200 words and should be presented as a single paragraph without subsection headings. It should concisely explain the background and purpose of the study, the principal methodology, the main findings, and the most important conclusions or implications. The abstract should accurately represent the content of the manuscript and should not contain claims or results that are not supported by the main text.
  • Keywords: Authors should provide three to ten relevant keywords following the abstract. Keywords should accurately represent the subject matter of the manuscript and facilitate its discovery in scholarly databases and search systems.
Research Manuscript Sections
  • Introduction: The Introduction should place the study within its broader scientific context, explain its significance, critically review relevant literature, identify the research gap or problem being addressed, and clearly state the objectives, research questions, or hypotheses where applicable. The scientific novelty and contribution of the study should be evident.
  • Materials and Methods / Methodology: The methodology should be described with sufficient detail to allow readers to understand, evaluate, and, where appropriate, reproduce the study. New methods, models, algorithms, frameworks, and protocols should be described clearly. Established methods may be summarized with appropriate references. Authors should specify relevant software, computational environments, datasets, model parameters, experimental settings, or analytical procedures necessary to understand and reproduce the research.
  • Results: The Results section should present the principal findings clearly, concisely, and objectively. Tables and figures should complement rather than unnecessarily duplicate information provided in the text.
  • Discussion: Authors should interpret the findings in relation to the research objectives, existing literature, theoretical expectations, and practical implications. The Discussion should address the significance of the results, relevant limitations, methodological considerations, and implications for future research. The Results and Discussion sections may be combined where appropriate.
  • Conclusions: A separate Conclusions section is recommended when it provides a clear synthesis of the principal findings, contributions, implications, limitations, and future research directions. It may be omitted where these elements are adequately addressed in the Discussion.
Back Matter
  • Supplementary Materials: Authors should identify supplementary material accompanying the manuscript and provide a clear title or description for each supplementary item, for example: Figure S1, Table S1, Dataset S1, or Supplementary File S1.
  • Acknowledgments: Authors may acknowledge individuals, organizations, technical support, or other contributions that do not meet the criteria for authorship.
  • Funding: All relevant sources of financial support should be disclosed, including grant numbers where applicable. If the research received no external funding, this should be stated where required by the manuscript template.
  • Author Contributions: Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the work and approved the submitted version of the manuscript. Contributions should be stated transparently.
  • Data Availability Statement: Authors should state where the data supporting the findings of the study can be accessed. Where data cannot be publicly shared because of confidentiality, privacy, legal, ethical, contractual, commercial, or other justified restrictions, the reason should be clearly stated.
  • Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any financial, professional, personal, or other interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research. If no conflicts exist, authors should state: “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.”
  • References: References should be numbered according to the order in which they first appear in the text, including citations in tables and figure captions where applicable, and listed individually at the end of the manuscript. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) should be included whenever available.
References
Citations in Text

Every reference cited in the manuscript should appear in the reference list, and every reference included in the reference list should be cited in the manuscript. References cited in the abstract, if any, must be provided in full.

Citations should be indicated by reference numbers enclosed in square brackets, for example [1] or [26]. References are numbered according to the order in which they first appear in the manuscript, and the same reference number must be used whenever the source is cited again.

Citation Examples

“...end of the line for my research [13].”

“The theory was first proposed in 1987 [1].”

“Scholtz [2] has argued that...”

“Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 16] have suggested that...”

“For example, see [7].”

Citing Multiple References

When citing more than one source at a time, individual reference numbers should be separated by commas, while consecutive ranges may be indicated with a dash.

[1, 3, 5]
[1–5]
Web References

Web references should include, at minimum, the full URL and the date on which the resource was last accessed. Where available, authors should also provide the author or organization name, title, publication or update date, and other relevant bibliographic information.

Data References

Authors are encouraged to cite datasets that directly support the research. Data references should include the author(s), dataset title, repository, version where applicable, year, and a persistent identifier such as a DOI. Where required by the journal's production workflow, the identifier [dataset] may be placed before the reference to distinguish datasets from conventional publications.

Reference Examples
Journal Article
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J. A. J., & Lupton, R. A. (2010). The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of Scientific Communications, 163, 51–59.
Book
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (2000). The elements of style (4th ed.). New York: Longman.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Mettam, G. R., & Adams, L. B. (2009). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones & R. Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age (pp. 281–304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.
Website
Cancer Research UK. Cancer statistics reports for the UK. (2003). http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/. Accessed 13 March 2003.
Dataset
[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., & Nakashizuka, T. (2015). Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Journal Title Abbreviations

Where abbreviated journal titles are used in the reference list, journal names should follow recognized standard abbreviations, such as those provided by the List of Title Word Abbreviations (LTWA).

Preparing Figures, Schemes and Tables
  • Figures and schemes should be provided at sufficient resolution for publication. A resolution of at least 300 dpi is recommended for raster graphics. TIFF, JPEG, EPS, PDF, and other commonly accepted publication-quality formats may be used where appropriate.
  • Figures, schemes, and tables should be placed in the manuscript close to their first citation and numbered consecutively according to their order of appearance.
  • Each figure, scheme, and table should include a concise and informative title or caption sufficient to explain its content.
  • Table columns should contain clear explanatory headings. Authors should use editable tables rather than inserting tables as images.
  • Authors may prepare figures and schemes in color. Graphics should remain clear and interpretable when displayed electronically and, where relevant, when printed.
Supplementary Materials, Research Data and Software
Data Availability

To support research transparency, reproducibility, and verification, authors are encouraged to make the data underlying their findings available in recognized repositories or as supplementary material whenever ethically, legally, contractually, and technically possible. Where data cannot be openly shared, authors should provide an appropriate Data Availability Statement explaining the relevant restrictions.

Computer Code and Software

Where novel computer code, algorithms, scripts, computational models, or software are central to the reported research, authors are encouraged to make these materials available through a recognized public repository or as supplementary material where reasonably possible. The name, version, and relevant configuration of software used in the research should be clearly reported.

Supplementary Material

Additional datasets, methodological details, computational files, appendices, multimedia content, or other supporting materials may be uploaded as supplementary files during manuscript submission. Supplementary materials may be made available to reviewers as part of the peer-review process. Authors are encouraged to use common, accessible, and non-proprietary file formats whenever possible.

References in Supplementary Files

Citations may appear in supplementary files. References necessary for understanding the main manuscript should also appear in the reference list of the main article.